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Colorectal surgery is a branch of surgery that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and surgical intervention for diseases and disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus. It involves a wide range of conditions, including cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases, diverticular disease, and other issues affecting the lower gastrointestinal tract. Apollo Multispeciality Clinic deals with colorectal surgery ranging from hemorrhoids to diverticulitis to cancer.

Colorectal surgery refers to surgical procedures performed on the colon, rectum, and anus to treat a variety of conditions. These conditions can range from benign issues like hemorrhoids or diverticulitis to more serious diseases such as colorectal cancer or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Colorectal surgery can be done using traditional open surgery, minimally invasive laparoscopic techniques, or robotic-assisted surgery, depending on the patient's condition and the surgeon's approach.

Common conditions treated with colorectal surgery include:

1. Colorectal Cancer: Surgical removal of tumors or cancerous sections of the colon or rectum.

2. Diverticulitis: Inflammation or infection of small pouches (diverticula) in the colon.

3. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, which may require resection or other procedures.

4. Hemorrhoids: Swollen blood vessels in the rectum or anus that may require surgical removal if other treatments fail.

5. Anal Fissures: Tears in the skin around the anus that may require surgical intervention if chronic.

6. Colonic Obstruction: Blockages in the colon that may require surgical correction.

Types of colorectal surgeries:

1. Colectomy: Removal of all or part of the colon.

   • Partial Colectomy: Removal of a portion of the colon, often used in cases of cancer or diverticulitis.

   • Total Colectomy: Removal of the entire colon.

2. Proctectomy: Removal of part or all of the rectum, often done for cancers or severe diseases.

3. Colorectal Resection: Removal of a diseased or cancerous part of the colon and then reconnecting the remaining portions.

4. Colostomy: Creation of an opening (stoma) on the abdomen to allow waste to exit the body when the colon cannot function properly.

5. Sphincter-Saving Surgery: A procedure to remove rectal cancer or other conditions while preserving the anal sphincter, so the patient can maintain normal bowel function.

6. Hemorrhoidectomy: Surgical removal of hemorrhoids that do not respond to non-surgical treatments.

Techniques:

• Open Surgery: Involves a larger incision for the surgeon to access the area.

• Laparoscopic Surgery: Minimally invasive, using small incisions and a camera to guide the surgery. This often leads to shorter recovery times.

• Robotic-Assisted Surgery: Similar to laparoscopic surgery but with more precise movements guided by a robot, allowing for enhanced visualization and precision.

Recovery times vary based on the type of surgery and the patient's health, but many patients can return to normal activities in a few weeks to a few months.